DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT-DRY DENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION
DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT-DRY
DENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART VII DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT-DRY
DENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION
( Second Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part VII ) ( Second Revision ) was adopted
by the Indian Standards Institution on 31 October 1980, after the draft
finalized by the Soil and Rock Mechanics Engineering Sectional Committee
had been approved ~by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 With a view to establishing uniform procedures for determination
of different characteristics of soils and also for facilitating comparative
studies of the results, the Indian Standards Institution is bringing -out
this Indian Standard methods of test for soils ( IS : 2720 ) which is being
published in parts. This part ( Part VII ) ( first published in 1965 and
revised in 1974 ) deals with the method of test for the determination of
water content-dry density relation of soil using light compaction ( see
Note below ). The purpose of a laboratory compaction test is to determine
the proper amount of mixing water to be used, when compacting
the soil in the field and the resulting degree of denseness which can be
expected from compaction at optimum moisture content. To accomplish
this, a laboratory test which will give a degree of compaction comparable
to that obtained by the field method used is necessary. This procedure.
is satisfactory for.cohesive soils but does not lend itself well to the study
of the compaction characteristics of clean sands or gravels which displace.
easily when struck with the rammer. Some nearly-cohesionless soils
compact satisfactorily in the standard test although in many cases : c
water density curve is not well defined. Frequently, too in these cases
indicated, maximum density is not as great as can be achieved readily in
the field under available compaction methods. With a knowledge -of the
water density relation as determined by this test, better control of the field
compaction of soil fill is possible because the optimum moisture content
and the density which should be obtained are known by using this test
procedure and these can be checked by field control tests.
IS : 2720 ( Part VII ) - 1980
NOTE - The method of test based on heavy compaction~is covered in IS : 2720
( Part VIII )-1974’.
0.2.1 This revision % prepared so as to cover such casts when soil
could be susceptible to crushing during compaction.
0.3 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with
this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded
off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part VII ) lays down the method for the determination
of the relation between the water content and the dry density of
soils using light compaction. In this test a 2.6,kg rummer falling through
a height of 310 mm is used.
Terminology
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 2809-
1972$ shall apply.
For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 2809-
1972$ shall apply.
APPARATUS
3.1 Cylindrical Metal Mould - It shall be in accordance with relevant
Indian standards on specification of compaction mould.
3.2 Sample Extruder ( Optional ) - It consists of a jack, lever frame
or other dc.. _e adopted for the purpose of extruding compacted specimens
from the mo*lld.
3.3 Balances - one, of capacity 10 kg sensitive to 1 g and other of
capacity 200 g sensitive to 0.01 g.
3.4 Oven - thermostatically controlled with interior of non-corroding
material to maintain temperature between 105°C and 110°C.
3.5 Container - any suitable non-corrodible airtight container to
determine the water content for tests conducted in the laboratory.
3.6 Steel Straightedge - a steel straightedge about 30 cm in length
and having one beveled edge.
sieve - 4*75-mm and 20-mm IS sieves conforming to the requirements
of IS : 460 ( Part I )-1978’.
3.8 Mixing ‘Tools - miscellaneous tools, such as tray or pan, spoon,
trowel and spatula, or a suitable mechanical device for thoroughly mixing
the sample of soil with additions of water.
Metal Rammer - It shall conform to IS : 9198.1979t.
SOIL SPECIMEN
.
4.1 A representative portion of air dried soil material and large enough
to provide about 6 kg of material passing at 20-mm IS sieve ( for soils
not susceptible to crushing during compaction ), or about 15 kg of
material passing a 20-mm IS sieve ( for soils susceptible to crushing
during compaction ), shall be taken ( SCI Note 1 ). This portion shall be
sieved on a 20-mm IS sieve and the coarse fraction rejected after its proportion
of the total sample has been recorded.
PROCEDURE
5.1 Soil not Susceptible to Crushing During Compaction ( WC
Note 1 ) - The procedure is as follows.
5.1.1 A 5-kg sample of air dried soil passing the 20 mm IS test sieve
shall be taken ( see Note 2 ). The sample shall be mixed thoroughly with
a suitable amount of water depending on the soil type ( SCI Notes 3
and 4).
5.1.2 The mould, with baseplate attached, shall be weighed to the
nearest 1 g ( ml ). The mould shall be placed on a solid base, such as
a concrete floor or plinth and the moist soil shall be compacted into
the mould, with the extension attached, in three layers of approximately
equal mass, each layer being given 25 blows from the 2*6-kg rammer dropped
from a height of 310 mm above the soil. The blows shall be
distributed uniformly over the surface of each layer. The operator shall
ensure that the tube of the rammer iskept clear of soil so that the rammer
always falls freely. The amount of soil used shall be sufficient to fill
the mould, leaving not more than about 6 mm to be struck off when the
extension is removed ( see Note-5 ). The extension shall be ,removed a.nd
the compacted soil shall be levelled off carefully to the top of the mould
by means of the straightedge.
to 1 g ( ma >.
The mould and soil shall then be weighed
5.1.3 The compacted soil specimen shall be removed ~from the mould
and placed on the mixing tray. The water content of a representative
~3rnn~ of the specimen shall be ~determined as in IS : 2720 ( Part 11 )-
.
5.1.4 The remainder of the soil specimen shall be broken up, rubbed
through the 20-mm IS test sieve, and then mixed with the remainder of
the original sample. Suitable increments of water ( see Note 6 ) shall be
added successively and mixed into the sample, and the above procedure
from operations 5.1.2 to 5.1.4 shall be repeated for each increment
of water added. The total number of determinations made shall he
at least five, and the range of moisture contents should be such that the
optimum moisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, is
within that range.
5.2 SoiI Surceptible to Crushing During Compaction ( see Note 1) -
The procedure is as follows:
a) Five or more 2.5-kg samples of air dried soil passing the
20-mm IS test sieve, shall be taken ( see Note 2 ). The samples
shall each be mixed thoroughly with different amounts of water
to give a suitable range of moisture contents (see Notes 3 and 4 ).
The range of moisture content, at which the maximum dry
density occurs, is within that range ( MC Note 6 ).
b) Each sample shall be treated as in 5.1.2.
c) Each compacted specimen shall be treated as in 5.1.3.
d) The remainder of each soil specimen shall be discarded.
5.3 Compactionh Large4hc MomId - For compacting soil containing
coarse material up to 40 mm size, the 2 250 ml mould should be wed. A
ample weighing about 6 kg and passing the 40-mm IS sieve is used for
the test. Soil is compacted in three layers, each layer being given
55 blows of the 2*6-kg rammer. The rest of the procedure is the same a
REPORTING OF RESULTS
7.1 The experimental points and the smooth curve drawn through them
showing the relationship between moisture content and dry density shall
be reported.
7.2 The dry density in g/ml corresponding to the maximum point on the
moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the maximum dry
density to the nearest 0.01.
7.3 The percentage moisture content corresponding to the maximum dry
density on the moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the
optimum moisture content and quoted to the nearest O-2 for values below
5 percent to the nearest O-5 for values from 5 percent to 10 percent, and
to the nearest whole number for value exceeding 10 percent .( see
Note 7 ).
7.4 The amount of stone retained on the 20-mm IS Sieve shall be reported
to the nearest 1 percent.
7.5 The method of obtaining the result shall be stated, ( 2.6-kg rammer
method ) , The procedure used shall also be stated that is single sample
or separate sample and the size of the mould used,
DENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART VII DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT-DRY
DENSITY RELATION USING LIGHT COMPACTION
( Second Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part VII ) ( Second Revision ) was adopted
by the Indian Standards Institution on 31 October 1980, after the draft
finalized by the Soil and Rock Mechanics Engineering Sectional Committee
had been approved ~by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 With a view to establishing uniform procedures for determination
of different characteristics of soils and also for facilitating comparative
studies of the results, the Indian Standards Institution is bringing -out
this Indian Standard methods of test for soils ( IS : 2720 ) which is being
published in parts. This part ( Part VII ) ( first published in 1965 and
revised in 1974 ) deals with the method of test for the determination of
water content-dry density relation of soil using light compaction ( see
Note below ). The purpose of a laboratory compaction test is to determine
the proper amount of mixing water to be used, when compacting
the soil in the field and the resulting degree of denseness which can be
expected from compaction at optimum moisture content. To accomplish
this, a laboratory test which will give a degree of compaction comparable
to that obtained by the field method used is necessary. This procedure.
is satisfactory for.cohesive soils but does not lend itself well to the study
of the compaction characteristics of clean sands or gravels which displace.
easily when struck with the rammer. Some nearly-cohesionless soils
compact satisfactorily in the standard test although in many cases : c
water density curve is not well defined. Frequently, too in these cases
indicated, maximum density is not as great as can be achieved readily in
the field under available compaction methods. With a knowledge -of the
water density relation as determined by this test, better control of the field
compaction of soil fill is possible because the optimum moisture content
and the density which should be obtained are known by using this test
procedure and these can be checked by field control tests.
IS : 2720 ( Part VII ) - 1980
NOTE - The method of test based on heavy compaction~is covered in IS : 2720
( Part VIII )-1974’.
0.2.1 This revision % prepared so as to cover such casts when soil
could be susceptible to crushing during compaction.
0.3 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with
this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded
off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part VII ) lays down the method for the determination
of the relation between the water content and the dry density of
soils using light compaction. In this test a 2.6,kg rummer falling through
a height of 310 mm is used.
Terminology
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 2809-
1972$ shall apply.
For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 2809-
1972$ shall apply.
APPARATUS
3.1 Cylindrical Metal Mould - It shall be in accordance with relevant
Indian standards on specification of compaction mould.
3.2 Sample Extruder ( Optional ) - It consists of a jack, lever frame
or other dc.. _e adopted for the purpose of extruding compacted specimens
from the mo*lld.
3.3 Balances - one, of capacity 10 kg sensitive to 1 g and other of
capacity 200 g sensitive to 0.01 g.
3.4 Oven - thermostatically controlled with interior of non-corroding
material to maintain temperature between 105°C and 110°C.
3.5 Container - any suitable non-corrodible airtight container to
determine the water content for tests conducted in the laboratory.
3.6 Steel Straightedge - a steel straightedge about 30 cm in length
and having one beveled edge.
sieve - 4*75-mm and 20-mm IS sieves conforming to the requirements
of IS : 460 ( Part I )-1978’.
3.8 Mixing ‘Tools - miscellaneous tools, such as tray or pan, spoon,
trowel and spatula, or a suitable mechanical device for thoroughly mixing
the sample of soil with additions of water.
Metal Rammer - It shall conform to IS : 9198.1979t.
SOIL SPECIMEN
.
4.1 A representative portion of air dried soil material and large enough
to provide about 6 kg of material passing at 20-mm IS sieve ( for soils
not susceptible to crushing during compaction ), or about 15 kg of
material passing a 20-mm IS sieve ( for soils susceptible to crushing
during compaction ), shall be taken ( SCI Note 1 ). This portion shall be
sieved on a 20-mm IS sieve and the coarse fraction rejected after its proportion
of the total sample has been recorded.
PROCEDURE
5.1 Soil not Susceptible to Crushing During Compaction ( WC
Note 1 ) - The procedure is as follows.
5.1.1 A 5-kg sample of air dried soil passing the 20 mm IS test sieve
shall be taken ( see Note 2 ). The sample shall be mixed thoroughly with
a suitable amount of water depending on the soil type ( SCI Notes 3
and 4).
5.1.2 The mould, with baseplate attached, shall be weighed to the
nearest 1 g ( ml ). The mould shall be placed on a solid base, such as
a concrete floor or plinth and the moist soil shall be compacted into
the mould, with the extension attached, in three layers of approximately
equal mass, each layer being given 25 blows from the 2*6-kg rammer dropped
from a height of 310 mm above the soil. The blows shall be
distributed uniformly over the surface of each layer. The operator shall
ensure that the tube of the rammer iskept clear of soil so that the rammer
always falls freely. The amount of soil used shall be sufficient to fill
the mould, leaving not more than about 6 mm to be struck off when the
extension is removed ( see Note-5 ). The extension shall be ,removed a.nd
the compacted soil shall be levelled off carefully to the top of the mould
by means of the straightedge.
to 1 g ( ma >.
The mould and soil shall then be weighed
5.1.3 The compacted soil specimen shall be removed ~from the mould
and placed on the mixing tray. The water content of a representative
~3rnn~ of the specimen shall be ~determined as in IS : 2720 ( Part 11 )-
.
5.1.4 The remainder of the soil specimen shall be broken up, rubbed
through the 20-mm IS test sieve, and then mixed with the remainder of
the original sample. Suitable increments of water ( see Note 6 ) shall be
added successively and mixed into the sample, and the above procedure
from operations 5.1.2 to 5.1.4 shall be repeated for each increment
of water added. The total number of determinations made shall he
at least five, and the range of moisture contents should be such that the
optimum moisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, is
within that range.
5.2 SoiI Surceptible to Crushing During Compaction ( see Note 1) -
The procedure is as follows:
a) Five or more 2.5-kg samples of air dried soil passing the
20-mm IS test sieve, shall be taken ( see Note 2 ). The samples
shall each be mixed thoroughly with different amounts of water
to give a suitable range of moisture contents (see Notes 3 and 4 ).
The range of moisture content, at which the maximum dry
density occurs, is within that range ( MC Note 6 ).
b) Each sample shall be treated as in 5.1.2.
c) Each compacted specimen shall be treated as in 5.1.3.
d) The remainder of each soil specimen shall be discarded.
5.3 Compactionh Large4hc MomId - For compacting soil containing
coarse material up to 40 mm size, the 2 250 ml mould should be wed. A
ample weighing about 6 kg and passing the 40-mm IS sieve is used for
the test. Soil is compacted in three layers, each layer being given
55 blows of the 2*6-kg rammer. The rest of the procedure is the same a
REPORTING OF RESULTS
7.1 The experimental points and the smooth curve drawn through them
showing the relationship between moisture content and dry density shall
be reported.
7.2 The dry density in g/ml corresponding to the maximum point on the
moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the maximum dry
density to the nearest 0.01.
7.3 The percentage moisture content corresponding to the maximum dry
density on the moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the
optimum moisture content and quoted to the nearest O-2 for values below
5 percent to the nearest O-5 for values from 5 percent to 10 percent, and
to the nearest whole number for value exceeding 10 percent .( see
Note 7 ).
7.4 The amount of stone retained on the 20-mm IS Sieve shall be reported
to the nearest 1 percent.
7.5 The method of obtaining the result shall be stated, ( 2.6-kg rammer
method ) , The procedure used shall also be stated that is single sample
or separate sample and the size of the mould used,
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